RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Global Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally. OBJECTIVE: To survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico. METHODS: GAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016-2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by parents of 6-7-year-old primary school pupils (school children) and by 13-14-year-old adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 35 780 school children and 41 399 adolescents participated. Wheezing ever prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI 25.8% to 26.7%) in school children and 23.9% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.3%) in adolescents. The corresponding frequencies for current wheeze were 10.2% (95% CI 9.9% to 10.5%) and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2% to 11.9%). In school children, the risk factors for current wheeze were rhinitis (OR 4.484; 95% CI 3.915% to 5.134%) and rash symptoms (OR 1.735; 95% CI 1.461% to 2.059%). For adolescents, rhinitis symptoms (OR 3.492; 95% CI 3.188% to 3.825%) and allergic rhinitis diagnosis (OR 2.144; 95% CI 1.787% to 2.572%) were the most significant. For both groups, there was a negative relation with centres' sea level altitude higher than 1500 m above mean sea level (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The most important risk factors for asthma symptoms in both age groups were the presence of rhinitis and rash symptoms or diagnosis. On the other hand, sea level altitude higher than 1500 metres was a protective factor.
Assuntos
Altitude , Asma , Adolescente , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/etiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Se comunica una opción para valorar y tomar experiencia en el comportamiento de las moléculas que se manifiestan bioquímicamente como haptenos. Se explica el porqué de la aplicación práctica de la dilución del medicamento que desencadena la alergia cuando se utiliza como antígeno para prueba cutánea. Se menciona, en una forma ordenada, cómo sistematizar la aplicación del medicamento que produce la alergia. El método de medición del riesgo-beneficio es seguro, práctico y de actualidad fisiológica y bioquímica
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/imunologia , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Dessensibilização Imunológica/efeitos adversos , Dessensibilização Imunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/terapiaRESUMO
Hablar de rinitis iatrogénica es valorar las causas que ocasionan la inflamación de la mucosa nasal, donde el médico es responsable. No existe en la literatura una clasificación de ello, por lo cual propongo como causas dos conceptos importantes: a) Mala relación humana del médico. b) Desconocimiento por parte del médico de la enfermedad. El término rinitis iatrogénica permite que el profesionista tenga presente durante el tiempo que permanece con el paciente que la medicina es un arte y una ciencia y que sólo con cultura y educación es posible que el término iatrogénico quede fuera de las clasificaciones generales de rinitis
